The objective of a new study published in Pediatrics International was to elucidate the pathophysiology and epidemiology of overactive bladder (OAB) in children. In this retrospective study medical records of 117 children with OAB, 5-15 years of age, were reviewed during the years 2012-2016. Here, clinical features of OAB and factors related to the recovery period – the period from the start of behavioral modifications to cure, were evaluated. At initial presentation, abdominal ultrasound and uroflowmetry were performed, and behavioral modifications, such as timed voiding, and constipation therapy were initiated. If there was no response after 4 weeks, antimuscarinic treatment was added. The findings revealed that the average recovery period was 11.9 ± 9.73 months. There was no significant difference in the recovery period according to age, gender, percentage of urination frequency, nocturnal enuresis, or constipation. The recovery period was significantly shorter in the group with bladder wall thickness ≥5 mm compared to the group with bladder wall thickness <5 mm. Meanwhile, children with a tower-shaped curve on uroflowmetry had a significantly shorter recovery period than those with a bell-shaped curve. Hence, it was inferred that bladder wall thickness and uroflow curve shape are related to the recovery period of pediatric OAB.